[20] He then ordered Marwan ibn al-Hakam, then the governor of Medina, where Husayn and several other influential Muslims resided, to announce the decision. [76] Most of these sources took material from Abu Mikhnaf, in addition to some from the primary works of Awana, al-Mada'ini and Nasr ibn Muzahim. Many people fled and others hid in their houses. When the pious people of Madina found that the Syrians had gone to Makkah to make war with them, they also left in order to assist the people of Makkah. Husayn refused, stating that he did not want to start the hostilities. In that contest, al-Husayn ibn Ali, the Shi'i leader and grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, and his small party were massacred. 71 Windsor St, Salisbury, SP2 7EA, UK. [160], Maqtal later entered Persian, Turkish, and Urdu literature, and inspired the development of rawda. "Let us go my Brother to our Mother's grave. Eventually Shemr shouted: "Shame on you! Imam Hussain (ra) and the Tragedy of Karbala What happened after Karbala | 11th Muharram | Syed Sultan Shah Sa'abSpeech by: Syed Sultan Shah Sa'abDate: 19/08/2021Keep up with Gulaman-e-Ahlebait Leiceste. [79], When Shi'ism became the official religion of Iran in the 16th century, Safavid rulers such as Shah Tahmasp I, patronized poets who wrote about the Battle of Karbala. The Shiah maintain that she was buried in Damascus, and her supposed tomb is an important site of pilgrimage for the Shiah. [42], After Husayn's speech, Zuhayr ibn Qayn attempted to dissuade Ibn Sa'd's soldiers from killing Husayn, but in vain. [19] Mu'awiya summoned a shura, or consultative assembly, in Damascus and persuaded representatives from many provinces to agree to his plan by diplomacy and bribes. [d] He informed his followers of the situation and asked them to leave. Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images The Battle of Karbala. After the surviving soldiers left the battlefield, the locals buried the headless bodies of Hussain (R.A) and his companions there. After crushing the rebellion, Mukhtar executed Kufans involved in the killing of Husayn, including Ibn Sa'd and Shemr, while thousands of people fled to Basra. [3][34] Later, at Zubala, Husayn learned of the capture and execution of his messenger Qays ibn Musahir al-Saydawi, whom he had sent from the Hejaz (western Arabia) to Kufa to announce his arrival. [40] Similarly, Madelung and Wellhausen assert that the battle lasted from sunrise to sunset and that the overall account of the battle is reliable. Many followers of other religions also commemorate the battle. Every tyrannical regime tries their very best to control the narrative of events. [49] He poked Husayn's mouth with a stick and intended to kill Ali Zayn al-Abidin, but spared him after the pleas of Husayn's sister Zaynab. He was told that first he had to submit to Yazid's authority, which he refused to do. Urdu marthiya afterwards became popular throughout India. At Naynawa, Hurr received orders from Ibn Ziyad to force Husayn's caravan to halt in a desolate place without fortifications or water. Not remaining silent on this refusal, Yazid sent a force led by Ibn al-Zubayers brother, Amr, to arrest him. Ibn Sa'd approached the tents, and Husayn's sister Zaynab complained to him: "'Umar b. Sa'd, will Abu 'Abd Allah (the kunya of Husayn) be killed while you stand and watch? It happened when Yazid came into power. They were twenty women all together. As such he knew many eyewitnesses and collected firsthand accounts and some with very short chains of transmission, usually only one or two intermediaries. [3][30][32] Nevertheless, he offered Husayn support if he would stay in Mecca and lead the opposition to Yazid from there. Husayn's cavalry resisted fiercely and Ibn Sa'd brought in armoured cavalry and five hundred archers. 2023 The Islamic Information - Duplication not allowed. He is revered by Shi'i Muslims as the third imam. The battle is commemorated during an annual ten-day period during the Islamic month of Muharram by Shi'a, culminating on tenth day of the month, known as the Day of Ashura. A tradition which only serves to steer people away from what happened at Karbala and has its origin with the Banu Umayya. For the next three months the war carried on during Muharram and Safar and in the month of Rabi-ul-Awwal, the Syrians started to throw fire balls into Makkah aiming at the Kabah so that the people of Makkah who were with Abdullah bin Zubair may be killed. The main concept of this blog is taken from 'Al Bidayah wan-Nihayah' written by Imam ibn Kathir (R). [153][154], As well as Abu Mikhnaf's Maqtal, other Arabic Maqatil on Husayn were written. May Allah Taala deal with them in the manner they deserve. On Husayn's way to Kufa with a retinue of about 70 men, his caravan was intercepted by a 1,000-strong army of the caliph at some distance from Kufa. [2] Husayn said to them: I did not come to you until your letters were brought to me, and your messengers came to me saying, 'Come to us, for we have no imm. [62] The defeat of the Tawwabin left the leadership of the Kufan pro-Alids in his hands. [172] He too sees Husayn's death as a sacrifice made in the path of God, and condemns Yazid as being bereft of divine love. https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Karbala, World History Encyclopedia - Battle of Karbala, Lebanon's Hezbollah leader urges Muslims to 'punish' Quran desecrators if governments fail to do so, Millions of Shiite Muslims across the world commemorate the mourning day of Ashoura. Political background Coin issued by Yazid I following Sasanian motives, struck at the Basra mint, dated AH 61 (AD 680/1), the year in which the Battle of Karbala occurred [2] On 2 October 680 (2 Muharram 61 AH), Husayn arrived at Karbala, a desert plain 70 kilometers (43mi) north of Kufa, and set up camp. [155] The universe as well as humanity are described as having been created on the day of Ashura (10 Muharram). At a place known as Tan'im, he seized a caravan carrying dyeing plants and clothes sent by the governor of Yemen to Yazid. Yazid died just three years after the Battle of Kerbala. After their horses were wounded by arrows, Husayn's cavalrymen dismounted and fought on foot. [64] He then sent his general Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar to fight an approaching Umayyad army, led by Ibn Ziyad, which had been sent to reconquer the province. The history of Karbala reminds us of the martyrdom of the Prophet's grandson Hussain ibn Ali (RA), and his family members and companions. Yazids troops then sacked Medina, and the leaders were executed, although some of them had already died on the battlefield, such as ibn Hanzalah. Battle of Karbala and Its Lasting Significance In 681, Ali's son Hussein led a group of 72 followers and family members from. [26][27] Walid summoned the two, but Ibn al-Zubayr escaped to Mecca. The children were frightened so they ran away to escape the fire, the restless horses and the beatings. Information on the battle found in the works of Dinawari and Ya'qubi is also based on Abu Mikhnaf's Maqtal,[32] although they occasionally provide some extra notes and verses. Yazids army then headed to Makkah to subdue Ibn al-Zubayr, though, in fact, Ibn al-Zubayr had already established himself as the de facto leader of the region. This article will explain the detail of what happened to Yazid after the Battle of Kerbala. Some of Muhammad's companions including Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (then governor of Syria), and Muhammad's widow A'isha, refused to recognize Ali. Upon Mu'awiya's death in 680, Yazid demanded allegiance from Husayn and other dissidents. The women's jewelry and cloaks were also seized. The critical role of Zainab, the sister of Hussain, after the battle of Karbala Who is Zainab and what role did she play in Hussain's revolution? [168], In Sufism, where annihilation of the self (nafs) and suffering in the path of God are paramount principles, Husayn is seen as a model Sufi. In this article, I will provide a brief overview of what happened on the day of Ashura and then go into a discussion where I debunk some of the common misconceptions people have about the Karbala narrative. In contrast to pilgrimage to Husayn's tomb and simple lamenting, these processions do not date back to the time of the battle, but arose during tenth century. Bibi Sakina ran away into the battlefield, while Yazid's army started burning the tents. #what_happened_after_karbala #shorts Names of females in Karbala Who won the battle of Karbala? It's a story not all Muslims are aware of. [3], Husayn was unaware of the change of political circumstances in Kufa and decided to depart. His mother was not a Muslim, and her character was not good. Shemr argued that Husayn was in his domain and letting him go would be to demonstrate weakness. Arif Bharakda 1st August 2023 Advertise on TMV The tragedy of Karbala is a dark day in Islamic history. On this day, Shi'a Muslims mourn, hold public processions, organize religious gathering, beat their chests and in some cases self-flagellate. [135][136] According to these, Shi'ism was an ideology of revolution and political struggle against tyranny and exploitation,[137] and the Battle of Karbala and the death of Husayn was to be seen as a model for revolutionary struggle;[138] weeping and mourning was to be replaced by political activism to realize the ideals of Husayn. The right wing of the Kufans, led by Amr ibn al-Hajjaj, attacked Husayn's force, but was repulsed. [81], Based on an official report sent to caliph Yazid, which describes the battle very briefly, stating that it lasted for no longer than a siesta, Lammens concludes that there was no battle at all but a quick massacre that was over in an hour; he suggests that the detailed accounts found in the primary sources are Iraqi fabrications, since their writers were dissatisfied with their hero being killed without putting up a fight. Husayn is said to have killed many of his attackers. Ali I. [31] While in Mecca, Husayn received letters from pro-Alids in Kufa informing him that they were tired of the Umayyad rule, which they considered to be oppressive, and that they had no rightful leader. Karbala, city, capital of Karbala muhafazah, central Iraq. [59][125] Although the Penitents had used the same slogan, they do not seem have had a political program. According to Madelung, these reports are probably untrue as Husayn at this stage is unlikely to have considered submitting to Yazid. Heartened, the Grandson rose and bowed. [3] According to Howard, some traditional sources have a tendency to exonerate Yazid at the cost of Ibn Ziyad and lower authorities. Defense arrangements were made: tents were brought together and tied to one another and a ditch was dug behind the tents and filled with wood ready to be set alight in case of attack. 78) libraries have been attributed to Abu Mikhnaf. They asked him to lead them in revolt against Yazid, promising to remove the Umayyad governor if Husayn would consent to aid them. Ibn Ziyad ordered that the heads of Imam Husain (a.s) and some of those who were martyred should be placed on top of long spears and taken around the streets of Kufa so everybody could see what had happened to the people who turned against the government. [104], Mourning for Husayn is considered by Shi'as to be a source of salvation in the afterlife,[107] and is undertaken as a remembrance of his suffering. [16][17] In 676, Mu'awiya nominated his son Yazid as successor,[18] a move labelled by the historian Wilferd Madelung as breach of the HasanMuawiya treaty. What happened after Karbala - YouTube Personal Chair of Islamic Studies and Persian, University of Edinburgh. [102] With his return, Husayn and his seventy-two companions are expected to be resurrected along with their killers, who will then be punished. [1][5], On the following day, a 4,000-strong Kufan army arrived under the command of Umar ibn Sa'd. He followed and threatened some of them with death, but they still refused to support him. As long as Iraq was in Umayyad hands, the movement remained underground. Mukhtar al-Thaqafi - Wikipedia All belongings were taken as well as his injured horse. [61] He had participated in the failed rebellion of Muslim ibn Aqil, for which he was imprisoned by Ibn Ziyad, before being released after the intervention of Abd Allah ibn Umar. Abdullah bin Zubair was the first to find out. Ibn al-Zubayr proclaimed himself the Caliph (683 692 CE), and Iraq, Egypt came under his rule. According to Julius Wellhausen, most of them regretted their actions in the battle and embellished the accounts of the battle in favor of Husayn in order to dilute their guilt. Can Muslims Do It? [40] The account of Abbas' death is not given in the primary sources, al-Tabari and Baladhuri, but a prominent Shi'a theologian Shaykh Al-Mufid states in his account in Kitab al-Irshad that Abbas went to the river together with Husayn but became separated, was surrounded, and killed. [131][132] Similarly, Qajars also patronized Muharram rituals such as processions, taziya and majalis, to improve the relationship between the state and the public. Omar bin Saad, commander of the forces of Yazid's army in Karbala, was slain along with his son. The war started and a lot of people from both sides died. When Yazd learned of the rebellious attitude of the Shiah in Kfah, he sent Ubayd Allh, governor of Basra, to restore order. This event took place at the 10 th Muharram in 61 Hijri. [49] Other secondary sources include al-Mas'udi's Muruj al-Dhahab, Ibn Ath'am's Kitab al-Futuh, Shaykh al-Mufid's Kitab al-Irshad, and Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani's Maqatil al-Talibiyyin. [71] Although as an Iraqi, Abu Mikhnaf had pro-Alid tendencies, his reports generally do not contain much bias on his part. Zaid bin al-Arqam, a companion of our Prophet (sawa) was present at the governors house and objected to this terrible display. The History of Karbala Political supporters of Ali and his descendants (Alids). [116][117] In India however, taziya refers to the coffins and replicas of Husayn's tomb carried in processions. What Really Happened in Karbala? | About Islam This article will explain the detail of what happened to Yazid after the Battle of Kerbala. Ibn al-Zubayr called for aShurato elect a new caliph. Husayn's caravan started to move towards Qadisiyya, and Hurr followed them. Your King has died. They did not believe him but when they eventually found out that he had died, they left Makkah and went back to Syria, and so the war ended. Yazids sudden death in November 683 pushes his troops to end the blockade. Yazid sent various gifts and delegations to persuade ibn Zubayr to give allegiance to him, but Zubayrn steadfastly refused. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was martyred along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. How the Prophet's Granddaughters Were Treated After Karbala [24] Before his death in April 680, Mu'awiya cautioned Yazid that Husayn and Ibn al-Zubayr might challenge his rule and instructed him to defeat them if they did. On the other hand, Hussain (R.A) and his companions were beheaded and taken to Damascus. [73] Tabari quotes either directly from Abu Mikhnaf or from his student Ibn al-Kalbi, who took most of his material from Abu Mikhnaf. [2][38], Husayn and Ibn Sa'd met during the night to negotiate a settlement; it was rumored that Husayn made three proposals: either he be allowed to return to Medina, submit to Yazid directly, or be sent to a border post where he would fight alongside the Muslim armies. [176] The shamayel subsequently gave rise to murals when scenes started to be painted directly on walls. [49] Baladhuri uses same sources as Tabari. The martyrdom of Hussein is supreme in every sense and he will be the leader of all martyrs . [59] In order to enhance their legitimacy, Abbasid rulers claimed to have avenged the death of Husayn by dethroning the Umayyads. The tragic event of Karbala, in which members of the Holy Prophet Muhammads (sawa) family along with their noble companions were massacred, will always be remembered by many sincere and truth-seeking believers. The fighting was still continuing in the month of Rabi-ul- Awwal when the news came that Yazid had died. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. The night of the homeless. The party sent by Yazid was defeated, and Amr was captured and executed. [144] According to Aghaie, the Shah's hostility towards various Muharram rituals, which he considered to be uncivilized, contributed to his fall. Very few availed themselves of this opportunity. 159160), Leiden (No. Husayn refused to return, relating that Muhammad had ordered him in a dream to move forward irrespective of the consequences. As a result of Ibn Ziyad's suppression and political maneuvering, Ibn Aqil's following began to dissipate and he was forced to declare the revolt prematurely. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The battle between the people of Medina and Yazids troops under the command of Muslim Ibn Uqba erupted on 26 August 683. [134] In contrast to the traditional view of Shi'ism as a religion of suffering, mourning and political quietism, Shi'a Islam and Karbala were given a new interpretation in the period preceding the revolution by rationalist intellectuals and religious revisionists like Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, Ali Shariati and Nematollah Salehi Najafabadi. This revenge is believed to be one of the fundamental objectives of the future revolution of the twelfth Shi'a Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, whose return is awaited. [114] In South Asia, an ornately tacked horse called zuljanah, representing Husayn's battle horse, is also led riderless through the streets. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. But in contrast to all Muslim sources, which state that Husayn fought Yazid, Theophilus appears to have written that Husayn was killed by Muawiyah as the final engagement of the First Fitna between the Umayyads and Ali's supporters. [117][119] Occasionally, especially in the past, some Sunni participation in majalis and processions has been observed. It has a central place in Shi'a history, tradition, and theology, and has frequently been recounted in Shi'a literature. [124] Rituals involving self-flagellation have been criticized by many Shi'a scholars as they are considered to be innovative practices damaging reputation of Shi'ism. Karbala is the capital of Karbala Governorate, and has an estimated . Karbala, the Chain of Events | Al-Islam.org [171] Sindhi Sufi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai devoted a section in his Shah Jo Risalo to the death of Husayn, in which the incident is remembered in laments and elegies. These events precipitated the First Fitna (First Muslim Civil War). For this Article. [10][11][12][c] After the death of Hasan in 670, his younger brother Husayn became the head of the Banu Hashim clan to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad also belonged. [2] If Ibn Sa'd was unwilling to carry out the attack, he was instructed to hand over command to Shemr. The city bears religious and historical significance as the location of the Battle of Karbala. He fell on the ground face-down and an attacker named Sinan ibn Anas stabbed and then decapitated him. A young boy from Husayn's camp escaped from the tents, ran to him, tried to defend him from a sword stroke and had his arm cut off. According to him, Husayn was convinced that "the family of the Prophet was divinely chosen to lead the community founded by Moammad, as the latter had been chosen, and had both an inalienable right and an obligation to seek this leadership." [32], Husayn left Mecca with some fifty men and his family on 9 September 680 (8 Dhu al-Hijjah 60 AH), a day before Hajj. The Kufans had fought the Umayyads and their Syrian allies during the First Fitna, the five-year civil war which had established the Umayyad Caliphate. When Muslim bin Uqbah reached Madina, he blocked all the entrances into the city and camped outside, so that nobody could come to help the people of Madina. [68], The primary source of the Karbala narrative is the work of the Kufan historian Abu Mikhnaf titled Kitab Maqtal Al-Husayn. What happened after the tragedy of Karbala? They tied their horses in Masjid-al-Nabawi and allowed them to urinate and defecate inside it. [3] He collected his blood in a cupped hand and cast towards the sky, complaining to God of his suffering. Until now, Yazid is seen as an evil figure by many Muslims around the world. Muslim bin Uqbah forced everyone to pledge allegiance to Yazid. [32] Tabari occasionally takes material from Ammar ibn Mu'awiya,[74] Awana[75] and other primary sources, which, however, adds little to the narrative. Captives of Karbala - wikishia After Yazid's death, he returned to Kufa where he advocated revenge against Husayn's killers and the establishment of an Alid caliphate in the name of Husayn's half-brother Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, and declared himself his representative. All schools of thought within Islam are privy to the battle as well as schools outside Islam. [126] During the early years of their rule, they also encouraged Muharram rituals. Imam Hussain and many other Muslims refused to accept him as Ameer-ul-Momineen. However, on his arrival at Karbala, west of the Euphrates River, on October 10, he was confronted by a large army of perhaps 4,000 men sent by Ubayd Allh and under the command of Umar ibn Sad, son of the founder of Kfah. [150], Maqtal (pl. Sunni tradition has it that she was buried in Cairo. He presented the events in Karbal on the 10 th of Muharram in such a way that he blamed and humiliated the chieftains of Kfa (who he appointed and bribed) and scolded and cursed Ibn Ziyd in particular for what had happened. Hand-to-hand fighting paused and further volleys of arrows were exchanged. Yazid's nomination was contested by the sons of a few prominent companions of Muhammad, including Husayn, son of the fourth caliph Ali, and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. Ibn Ziyad had stationed troops on the routes into Kufa. [30][32] He took the northerly route through the Arabian Desert. Abdullah bin Zubair gathered the people of Makkah and came outside the city, so that he could fight the Syrians. The 2003 attack on Karbala was an unsuccessful strike on the Iraqi Republican Guard's Medina Division by the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.The Medina Division was mostly deployed along the Karbala gap, west of the city of Karbala itself. Can Muslims Get It? O Muhammad! They were, however, still unwilling to kill him and each of them wanted to leave this to somebody else. What Happened to Those That Murdered Hussain at Karbala? [32] Husayn had also sent a messenger to Basra, another garrison town in Iraq, but the messenger could not attract any following and was quickly apprehended and executed. After a few days in Syria, the captured were taken back to Madina. [103], Shi'a Muslims consider pilgrimages to Husayn's tomb to be a source of divine blessings and rewards. Start your week smart: Women's World Cup, Hurricane Hilary, Russian They are reported to have lamented and beaten their chests and to have spent a night by the tomb. His dead body was torn to pieces by hungry dogs. Most of the people who had joined him on the way left, while his companions from Mecca decided to stay with him.[2]. Nevertheless, he did not prevent four Kufans from joining Husayn. As we all know, Yazid ibn Muawiyah, commonly known as Yazid I was the second Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate who sent 4000-10,000 military troops led by Umar ibn Saad to fight the entourage of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)s grandson, Husayn ibn Ali (RA). Corrections? Their earliest recorded instance was in Baghdad in 963 during the reign of the first Buyid ruler Mu'izz al-Dawla. [175] The paintings, called shamayel or parda, originated in the Qajar era and were not intended as professional works of high art, but rather as popular representations for the taziya scenes. However, as significant as this event is in the History of Islam, the subsequent events that took place after the martyrdom of our beloved Imam Husain (a.s) are just as important. They could only fill twenty water-skins. The battle was the start of the Second Fitna, during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the death of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. Ali ibn Husain (a.s) and all the women were taken into custody. Karbala or Kerbala (Arabic: , romanized: Kerbel [karbala], / k r b l / KAR-b-l, also US: / k r b l / KAR-b-LAH;) is a city in central Iraq, located about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh, also known as Razzaza Lake.
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