Breaks in the scree plot can be seen at the third and sixth factor (see Fig. National Library of Medicine Objective:General anxiety symptoms are common in patients with cardiac disease and considered to have an adverse effect on cardiac prognosis. Subsequent descriptions of correlations in this section will refer only to the CAQ model generated by the EFA. Principles and Methods of Test Construction: Standards and Recent Advances. We also confirm that the CAQ is a valid instrument to measure CA in a Swedish MI-population. The .gov means its official. The cardiac anxiety syndrome - a subtype of panic attacks. Thus, there were two main aims with the current study. Behav. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066435. Cardiac Out of these, 930 participants completed CAQ. Whether or not waking up at night is a part of attention, the remaining items seem to be a valid part of CAQ. preliminary validity. Considering interpretability, theoretical congruence, internal consistency, a minimum of three items per factor and amount of information retained, the 3-factor solution was deemed most reasonable. WebHeart-focused anxiety (HFA) is an fear of cardiac-related stimuli and sensation because of the perceived negativism consequences. Humphries S, Mars K, Hofmann R, Held C, Olsson EMG. Depression and anxiety were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale . 2008;25(10):824-31. doi: 10.1002/da.20348. The original 3-factor structure of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire is valid, but that the questionnaire could be revised in regard to some items, and it is confirmed that the CAQ is a valid instrument to measure CA in a Swedish MI-population. Avoidance showed a weaker correlation with the other two avoidance-scales (BADS - Avoidance =.35 and PCL - Avoidance or numbing =.47). Hence, the purpose of this article is to report on the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ). scientific article published in January 2012. edit. Heart-focused anxiety in patients with noncardiac chest pain: structure and validity. Montgomery A, Asberg M. Scale designed to be sensitive to change. This is an instrument that has shown good psychometric properties in patients with and without CVD and in several different countries [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Objective Heart-focused anxiety is a common phenomenon that is related to psychological disorders and cardiac diseases. cardiac Around 20-30% of patients experience increased anxiety after a myocardial infarction (MI) [ 2 ]. 2015;16:154. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Objective: Subsequent descriptions of correlations in this section will refer only to the CAQ model generated by the EFA. The Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire: development and 2000 Georg Eifert. Avoidance showed a weaker correlation with the other two avoidance-scales (BADS - Avoidance =.35 and PCL - Avoidance or numbing =.47). The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. BADS measures escape and avoidance behaviour in depression. The original 3-factor structure of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire is valid, but that the questionnaire could be revised in regard to some items, and it is confirmed that the CAQ is a valid instrument to measure CA in a Swedish MI-population. WebBack CVD-patients with more levels of cardiac anxiety suffer psychologically, as well as being at increased risk for coronary morbidity and mortality. Eur Heart J Open. 2023 May 16;12(10):e028700. However, in regard to the psychometric properties, the instrument has been found valid and reliable in groups with non-cardiac chest pain as well [5, 7,8,9]. Reliability of the questionnaire was further examined by test-retest, using the Spearman correlation coefficient (control group of RCT, 5 weeks between measurement points). Physiol Behav. A high score indicates a greater number of symptoms, greater intensity, or both. Cardiac Anxiety WebThe Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire: Development and preliminary validity. The subscale Attention demonstrated weaker correlations with all other measures (.52). A total of 930 participants (711 males) participated in the data collection; mean age being 62.2years (SD=8.1, min=31, max=75). All tests of validity and reliability were performed on the CS. The study was carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki. 353: 2000: Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The cardiac anxiety questionnaire: development and preliminary development The HFA is common to a vast variety of persons Test-retest reliability was good for both the full scale as well as the individual subscales which also indicates that the questionnaire is stable over time. Bandalos, Deborah L.: Assessment and Measurement PhD Program, James Madison University, 821 S. Main Street, Harrisonburg, VA, US, 22801, bandaldl@jmu.edu: Hogrefe Publishing, 2016, 2651. Anxiety Prognostic association of anxiety post myocardial infarction with mortality and new cardiac events: a meta-analysis. The behavioral activation for depression scale (BADS): psychometric properties and factor structure. Roest AM, Martens EJ, Denollet J, et al. Another item that demonstrates a similar quality (item 3) is included in the model generated in the EFA. 2000 Oct; 38 (10):10391053. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 10.1016/S0005-7967(99) A 12-Item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Heart It consists of 9 items, rated on a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 6, total score range 0-54. conditionsPrivacy policy. Fokkema M, Greiff S. How performing PCA and CFA on the same data equals trouble. The cardiac anxiety questionnaire Manos RC, Kanter JW, Luo W. The behavioral activation for depression scale-short form: development and validation. Stata Software Package (version 17.0) was used to perform all statistical analyses. Development WebThe cardiac anxiety questionnaire: development and preliminary validity. The Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire Cardiac Anxiety in Patients Self-Referred The Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire: Development and preliminary validity. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Eligible participants (<75years old, MI within 3 months) were recruited during routine visits 1-8weeks following their MI in 25 Swedish cardiac clinics from September 2013 to December 2016. The Swedish version used in this study was translated by the authors of the RCT, through translation and back-translation. This construct is associated with the development, exacerbation, and maintenance, View 9 excerpts, cites background, methods and results, International journal of psychiatry in medicine. Despite HFA is common to a large variety of EO and CH were responsible for data collection. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a 3-factor solution best fitted the data, but with certain items removed. The studies also differ in varying degree to the use of methodologies (See Table1 for an overview). Disclaimer. WebTo address these concerns, this article reports on the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) designed to measure HFA. Behav Res Ther 2000; 38:103953. cookies. the Cardiac Anxiety Primary care patients with cardiovascular - Wiley Online Library WebHeart-focused anxiety (HFA) is the fear of cardiac-related inspiration and sensations because of the perceived negative consequences. WebTo address these concerns, this article reports on the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) designed to measure HFA. Cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular diseases: a randomized controlled trial (CBR-CARDIO, DRKS00029295). and transmitted securely. Furthermore, this items has been found in varying factors or been deleted in previous analyses [5, 8, 10]. Randomized evaluation of routine beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction quality of life (RQoL): design and rationale of a multicentre, prospective, randomized, open, blinded endpoint study. To address these concerns, this article reports on the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) designed to measure HFA. Dragioti E, Vitoratou S, Kaltsouda A, et al. This is possibly the result of it being the smallest factor, as fewer items makes internal consistency go down. eCollection 2023 May. A shorter 10-items version could also be considered. Questionnaires: HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, CAQ Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, PCL Post-traumatic Checklist, Civilian version, BADS-SF Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale, Short Form, MADRS-S Montgomery sberg Depression Rating Scale Self-administered, aScores on CAQ are mean values instead of total values. Both worrying and focused attention are cognitive processes, and while fear and worry are closely related concepts, so is hypervigilance and worry. Furthermore, we assessed the reliability of the CAQ and investigated the influence doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288436. Roest AM, Martens EJ, Denollet J, et al. Behav Res Ther. has eight removed items and its superior fit to the data could be a reasonable suggestion for a short-form of the CAQ. TLDR. statement and The model fit was assessed based on the values of root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), and TuckerLewis index (TLI). Two factors were identified with eigenvalue >1. As such, this is the first study of the CAQ that has combined both EFA and CFA and followed proper statistical considerations. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. 2013;101:55461. WebObjective The study evaluated the feasibility of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with non-cardiac chest pain by assessing their willingness to participate and adhere to the programme, and for these data to help further refine the content of MBCT for chest pain. View 10 excerpts, cites background and methods. the cardiac anxiety questionnaire It is currently measured with an Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, which has conflicting findings respecting its factor site, and it has not been coronary angiograms have no evidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Quality of life in sexagenarians after aortic biological vs mechanical There is considerable evidence that depression and anxiety are risk factors for the development of HD (), with depression an established independent risk factor of CHD (Van Der Kooy 2007).Both are strongly associated with poor cardiac outcomes (Carney 2017; May 2017; Seldenrijk 2015).Those with established HD are Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Item 4 was originally part of the factor Attention. 2000; 38:10391053. Received 2022 Jun 21; Accepted 2022 Dec 13. WebObjective: General anxiety symptoms are common in patients with cardiac disease and considered to have an adverse effect on cardiac prognosis. Behav Res Ther 2000; 38:1039-53. Epub 2023 May 9. Shopping cart Item 13 concerns both worry and chest pain. 1965;30:179185. Marker CD, Carmin CN, Ownby RL. This item demonstrated the strongest cross-loading in the EFA and was removed first. WebUmfeld CVD-patients with increased levels of cardiac anxiety suffer psychologically, as well as being at increased risk for cardiac morbidity and mortality. This notion is supported by the correlation with the total measure of CAQ, suggesting that it continues to be a valid and central part of the concept CA. Sampling adequacy was measured with the Keyser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, and was used to determine if the correlation matrix was factorable. WebIn this study of people undergoing electron beam tomography screening for CHD, support was found for the three-factor model of the CAQ originally described by Eifert, Thompson, and the model generated from the EFA had close to an acceptable fit to the data. A Prospective Study of Noncardiac Chest Pain-Related Disability in (See Table6 for overview of correlations between questionnaires and subscales). [10] and interestingly the original model by Eifert et al. Second, to test the validity and reliability of the Swedish translation of the CAQ. doi: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead036. Would you like email updates of new search results? Validity International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 43, 349-364. Sardinha A, Nardi AE, de Arajo CGS, et al. The cardiac anxiety syndrome - a subtype of panic attacks. questionnaire: development and preliminary validity. The cardiac anxiety questionnaire: development and preliminary Although HFA is common to a wide variety of persons who experience chest. PubMed Google Scholar. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. BMC Medical Research Methodology. Heart-Focused Anxiety: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cardiac symptoms and its association with psychological symptoms of anxiety disorders. The Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) is a measure designed to assess HFA. 35 Valenti L, Lim L, Heller RF, et al. van Beek MH, Voshaar RC, van Deelen FM, van Balkom AJ, Pop G, Speckens AE. Leissner, P., Held, C., Rondung, E. et al. Around 20-30% of patients experience increased anxiety after a myocardial infarction (MI) [2]. The Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire: development and preliminary validity. Cardiac anxiety in people with and without coronary atherosclerosis. The study design, procedure, intervention, and results have been reported elsewhere [11, 12]. Out of the 930 individuals who completed the CAQ, there were missing values (1-3) for PCL, BADS and MADRS-S. [The heart and anxiety. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. government site. To describe demographic, physical and psychological characteristics associated with insomnia in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) participating in nurse-led Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (I-CBTI), and their motives and expectations regarding participation in I-CBTI. the cardiac anxiety questionnaire 2000;38(10):103953. New Jersey: Pearson Education; 2010. The aim was to examine the relation between chest pain, panic, and heart-focused anxiety in persons with and without heart disease. We conclude that the original 3-factor structure of the CAQ is valid, but that the questionnaire could be revised in regard to some items. These halves will be referred to as the exploratory split (ES) and confirmatory split (CS). A sudden onset of discomfort is also a common symptom of Panic Disorder, which an early study suggested CA to be a variation of [30]. Correlation of questionnaires and subscales, All correlations are significant on the level of p<.001, F/W Fear/Worry, Avoid Avoidance, Att Attention. The scree test for the number of factors. Kanter JW, Mulick PS, Busch AM, et al. Additionally, this factor demonstrated some problems with internal consistency being below the desired cut-off [26]. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of CAQ and its psychometric properties in a Swedish CVD-population. [4]. FOIA The convergent correlations with PCL-C and HADS-anxiety, and the fact that the correlations with depressive indexes were lower, suggest that the CAQ still measures symptoms of anxiety. All tests of reliability and validity were performed on the new factor solution generated by the EFA and the original model by Eifert. Springer Nature. Sleep and mental disorders: a meta-analysis of polysomnographic research. Assessment. Article Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality world-wide [1] and suffering a CV event can be highly anxiogenic. Item 13 concerns both worry and chest pain. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. CAQ measures CA [4]. J Am Heart Assoc. WebIt is currently measured with the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, which has conflicting findings regarding its factor structure, and it has not been validated in a Swedish population. Behav Res Ther. HADS assesses symptoms of anxiety and depression in a clinical setting [13]. Ther., 38 (10) (2000), pp. [4] has been proven reasonable but could benefit from modifications. Another item that demonstrates a similar quality (item 3) is included in the model generated in the EFA. BADS measures escape and avoidance behaviour in depression. This study is part of U-CARE, which is a Strategic Research environment funded by the Swedish Research Council (dnr 20091093). Exploratory factor analysis: a guide to best practice. Bressler R, Erford BT, Dean S. A systematic review of the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL). and transmitted securely. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. Possibly this item describes a shared trait with Panic Disorder. Item and factor analyses indicated a three-factor solution pertaining to heart-related fear, avoidance, and attention. The EFA resulted in a new model with only minor alterations in regard to the original factor structure of CAQ [4], in the removal of three items. When smartwatches contribute to health anxiety How the intervention might work. 2022 Nov 25;12(11):e066435. The civilian version of PCL has been confirmed as of having good psychometric properties [16]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the It is worth considering that item 10 and 13 were both removed in this study and in the study by Dragioti et al. WebCVD-patients through higher layer away cardiac anxiety suffer psychology, as well as being to increased exposure for cardiac morbidity and fatality. Heart Primary care patients with cardiovascular disease eligible for nurse-led internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: Characteristics and motives for participation. It consists of three subscales (Re-experiencing, 5 items; Avoidance or numbing, 7 items; Arousal, 5 items) and the 17 items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely), total score range 17-85. Conclusion: Patients who reported a score of >7 on one or both subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [13] were randomized to either internet-based CBT (n=117) or a control group receiving usual care (n=122). Cardiac anxiety By using this website, you agree to our However, in regard to the psychometric properties, the instrument has been found valid and reliable in groups with non-cardiac chest pain as well [5, 79]. WebCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality world-wide [ 1 ] and suffering a CV event can be highly anxiogenic. The questionnaires were answered online 8-10weeks after discharge. The Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire: development and preliminary validity
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